READINGS: THURSDAY AFTER ASH WEDNESDAY
אֲשֲׁר בְּתוֹרַת יְהוָה יֶהְגֶּה — פִּרְיוֹ יִתֵּן בְּעִתּוֹ Even Years: Exodus 1:1-22
וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הַבָּאִים מִצְרָיְמָה אֵת יַעֲקֹב אִישׁ וּבֵיתוֹ בָּאוּ׃ רְאוּבֵן שִׁמְעוֹן לֵוִי וִיהוּדָה׃ יִשָּׂשכָר זְבוּלֻן וּבִנְיָמִן׃ דָּן וְנַפְתָּלִי גָּד וְאָשֵׁר׃ וַיְהִי כָּל־נֶפֶשׁ יֹצְאֵי יֶרֶךְ־יַעֲקֹב שִׁבְעִים נָפֶשׁ וְיוֹסֵף הָיָה בְמִצְרָיִם׃
6 Then Joseph died, and his brothers, and all that generation. 7 But the Israelites were fruitful and prolific; they became so numerous and powerful that eventually the whole land was full of them.
15 The king of Egypt then spoke to the Hebrew midwives, one of whom was called Shiphrah, and the other Puah. 16 'When you attend Hebrew women in childbirth,' he said, 'look at the two stones. If it is a boy, kill him; if a girl, let her live.' 17 But the midwives were God-fearing women and did not obey the orders of the king of Egypt, but allowed the boys to live.
Odd Years: Deuteronomy 1:1,6-18
1 אֵלֶּה הַדְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר מֹשֶׁה אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּעֵבֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן בַּמִּדְבָּר בָּעֲרָבָה מוֹל סוּף בֵּין־פָּארָן וּבֵין־תֹּפֶל וְלָבָן וַחֲצֵרֹת וְדִי זָהָב׃...
Even Years: Leo the Great, Lentan Sermon 6, 1-2 (PL 54, 285-287)
Odd Years: John Chrysostom, Third discourse against the Jews (PG 48, 867-868)
Invitatory Psalm & BACK
PSALMS and BACK
וַיָּמָת יוֹסֵף וְכָל־אֶחָיו וְכֹל הַדּוֹר הַהוּא׃ וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל פָּרוּ וַיִּשְׁרְצוּ וַיִּרְבּוּ וַיַּעַצְמוּ בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד וַתִּמָּלֵא הָאָרֶץ אֹתָם׃
וַיָּקָם מֶלֶךְ־חָדָשׁ עַל־מִצְרָיִם אֲשֶׁר לֹא־יָדַע אֶת־יוֹסֵף׃ וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־עַמּוֹ הִנֵּה עַם בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל רַב וְעָצוּם מִמֶּנּוּ׃
הָבָה נִתְחַכְּמָה לוֹ פֶּן־יִרְבֶּה וְהָיָה כִּי־תִקְרֶאנָה מִלְחָמָה וְנוֹסַף גַּם־הוּא עַל־שֹׂנְאֵינוּ וְנִלְחַם־בָּנוּ וְעָלָה מִן־הָאָרֶץ׃
וַיָּשִׂימוּ עָלָיו שָׂרֵי מִסִּים לְמַעַן עַנֹּתוֹ בְּסִבְלֹתָם וַיִּבֶן עָרֵי מִסְכְּנוֹת לְפַרְעֹה אֶת־פִּתֹם וְאֶת־רַעַמְסֵס׃
וְכַאֲשֶׁר יְעַנּוּ אֹתוֹ כֵּן יִרְבֶּה וְכֵן יִפְרֹץ וַיָּקֻצוּ מִפְּנֵי בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃
וַיַּעֲבִדוּ מִצְרַיִם אֶת־בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּפָרֶךְ׃ וַיְמָרְרוּ אֶת־חַיֵּיהֶם בַּעֲבֹדָה קָשָׁה בְּחֹמֶר וּבִלְבֵנִים וּבְכָל־עֲבֹדָה בַּשָּׂדֶה אֵת כָּל־עֲבֹדָתָם אֲשֶׁר־עָבְדוּ בָהֶם בְּפָרֶךְ׃
וַיֹּאמֶר מֶלֶךְ מִצְרַיִם לַמְיַלְּדֹת הָעִבְרִיֹּת אֲשֶׁר שֵׁם הָאַחַת שִׁפְרָה וְשֵׁם הַשֵּׁנִית פּוּעָה׃ וַיֹּאמֶר בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן אֶת־הָעִבְרִיּוֹת וּרְאִיתֶן עַל־הָאָבְנָיִם אִם־בֵּן הוּא וַהֲמִתֶּן אֹתוֹ וְאִם־בַּת הִיא וָחָיָה׃ וַתִּירֶאןָ הַמְיַלְּדֹת אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים וְלֹא עָשׂוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אֲלֵיהֶן מֶלֶךְ מִצְרָיִם וַתְּחַיֶּיןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִים׃
וַיִּקְרָא מֶלֶךְ־מִצְרַיִם לַמְיַלְּדֹת וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶן מַדּוּעַ עֲשִׂיתֶן הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה וַתְּחַיֶּיןָ אֶת־הַיְלָדִים׃ וַתֹּאמַרְןָ הַמְיַלְּדֹת אֶל־פַּרְעֹה כִּי לֹא כַנָּשִׁים הַמִּצְרִיֹּת הָעִבְרִיֹּת כִּי־חָיוֹת הֵנָּה בְּטֶרֶם תָּבוֹא אֲלֵהֶן הַמְיַלֶּדֶת וְיָלָדוּ׃ וַיֵּיטֶב אֱלֹהִים לַמְיַלְּדֹת וַיִּרֶב הָעָם וַיַּעַצְמוּ מְאֹד׃ וַיְהִי כִּי־יָרְאוּ הַמְיַלְּדֹת אֶת־הָאֱלֹהִים וַיַּעַשׂ לָהֶם בָּתִּים׃ וַיְצַו פַּרְעֹה לְכָל־עַמּוֹ לֵאמֹר כָּל־הַבֵּן הַיִּלּוֹד הַיְאֹרָה תַּשְׁלִיכֻהוּ וְכָל־הַבַּת תְּחַיּוּן׃
Exodus 1:1-22 These are the names of the Israelites who went with Jacob to Egypt, each of them went with his family: 2 Reuben, Simeon, Levi and Judah, 3 Issachar, Zebulun and Benjamin, 4 Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher. 5 In all, the descendants of Jacob numbered seventy persons. Joseph was in Egypt already.
8 Then there came to power in Egypt a new king who had never heard of Joseph. 9 'Look,' he said to his people, 'the Israelites are now more numerous and stronger than we are.
10 We must take precautions to stop them from increasing any further, or if war should break out, they might join the ranks of our enemies. They might take arms against us and then escape from the country.'
11 Accordingly they put taskmasters over the Israelites to wear them down by forced labour. In this way they built the store-cities of Pithom and Rameses for Pharaoh.
12 But the harder their lives were made, the more they increased and spread, until people came to fear the Israelites. 13 So the Egyptians gave them no mercy in the demands they made, 14 making their lives miserable with hard labour: with digging clay, making bricks, doing various kinds of field -- work -- all sorts of labour that they imposed on them without mercy.
18 So the king of Egypt summoned the midwives and said to them, 'What do you mean by allowing the boys to live?' 19 The midwives said to Pharaoh, 'Hebrew women are not like Egyptian women, they are hardy and give birth before the midwife can get to them.' 20 For this, God was good to the midwives, and the people went on increasing and growing more powerful; 21 and since the midwives feared God, he gave them families of their own. 22 Pharaoh then gave all his people this command: 'Throw every new-born boy into the river, but let all the girls live.'
6 יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ דִּבֶּר אֵלֵינוּ בְּחֹרֵב לֵאמֹר רַב־לָכֶם שֶׁבֶת בָּהָר הַזֶּה׃
7 פְּנוּ וּסְעוּ לָכֶם וּבֹאוּ הַר הָאֱמֹרִי וְאֶל־כָּל־שְׁכֵנָיו בָּעֲרָבָה בָהָר וּבַשְּׁפֵלָה וּבַנֶּגֶב וּבְחוֹף הַיָּם אֶרֶץ הַכְּנַעֲנִי וְהַלְּבָנוֹן עַד־הַנָּהָר הַגָּדֹל נְהַר־פְּרָת׃
8 רְאֵה נָתַתִּי לִפְנֵיכֶם אֶת־הָאָרֶץ בֹּאוּ וּרְשׁוּ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נִשְׁבַּע יְהוָה לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶם לְאַבְרָהָם לְיִצְחָק וּלְיַעֲקֹב לָתֵת לָהֶם וּלְזַרְעָם אַחֲרֵיהֶם׃
9 וָאֹמַר אֲלֵכֶם בָּעֵת הַהִוא לֵאמֹר לֹא־אוּכַל לְבַדִּי שְׂאֵת אֶתְכֶם׃
10 יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם הִרְבָּה אֶתְכֶם וְהִנְּכֶם הַיּוֹם כְּכוֹכְבֵי הַשָּׁמַיִם לָרֹב׃
11 יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵכֶם יֹסֵף עֲלֵיכֶם כָּכֶם אֶלֶף פְּעָמִים וִיבָרֵךְ אֶתְכֶם כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר לָכֶם׃
12 אֵיכָה אֶשָּׂא לְבַדִּי טָרְחֲכֶם וּמַשַּׂאֲכֶם וְרִיבְכֶם׃
13 הָבוּ לָכֶם אֲנָשִׁים חֲכָמִים וּנְבֹנִים וִידֻעִים לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶם וַאֲשִׂימֵם בְּרָאשֵׁיכֶם׃
14 וַתַּעֲנוּ אֹתִי וַתֹּאמְרוּ טוֹב־הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּרְתָּ לַעֲשׂוֹת׃
15 וָאֶקַּח אֶת־רָאשֵׁי שִׁבְטֵיכֶם אֲנָשִׁים חֲכָמִים וִידֻעִים וָאֶתֵּן אֹתָם רָאשִׁים עֲלֵיכֶם שָׂרֵי אֲלָפִים וְשָׂרֵי מֵאוֹת וְשָׂרֵי חֲמִשִּׁים וְשָׂרֵי עֲשָׂרֹת וְשֹׁטְרִים לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶם׃
16 וָאֲצַוֶּה אֶת־שֹׁפְטֵיכֶם בָּעֵת הַהִוא לֵאמֹר שָׁמֹעַ בֵּין־אֲחֵיכֶם וּשְׁפַטְתֶּם צֶדֶק בֵּין־אִישׁ וּבֵין־אָחִיו וּבֵין גֵּרוֹ׃
17 לֹא־תַכִּירוּ פָנִים בַּמִּשְׁפָּט כַּקָּטֹן כַּגָּדֹל תִּשְׁמָעוּן לֹא תָגוּרוּ מִפְּנֵי־אִישׁ כִּי הַמִּשְׁפָּט לֵאלֹהִים הוּא וְהַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר יִקְשֶׁה מִכֶּם תַּקְרִבוּן אֵלַי וּשְׁמַעְתִּיו׃
18 וָאֲצַוֶּה אֶתְכֶם בָּעֵת הַהִוא אֵת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר תַּעֲשׂוּן׃
1 These are the words which Moses addressed to all Israel beyond the Jordan, in the desert, in the Arabah facing Suph, between Paran and Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth and Dizahab.
6 'Yahweh our God said to us at Horeb, "You have stayed long enough at this mountain. 7 Move on, continue your journey, go to the highlands of the Amorites, to all those who live in the Arabah, in the highlands, in the lowlands, in the Negeb and in the coastland; go into Canaan and to Lebanon as far as the great River Euphrates. 8 Look, that is the country I have given you; go and take possession of the country that Yahweh promised on oath to give to your ancestors, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and to their descendants after them." 9 'At the same time, I told you, "I cannot be responsible for you by myself. 10 Yahweh your God has increased your numbers, until you are now as numerous as the stars of heaven. 11 And Yahweh your God is going to increase you a thousand times more, and bless you as he has promised you. 12 So how can I cope by myself with the bitter burden that you are, and with your bickering? 13 From each of your tribes pick wise, shrewd and experienced men for me to make your leaders." 14 You replied, "Your plan is good." 15 So I took your tribal leaders, wise, experienced men, and appointed them to lead you, as captains of thousands, hundreds, fifties, tens, and as scribes for your tribes. 16 At that same time I told your judges, "You must give your brothers a fair hearing and see justice done between one person and his brother or the foreigner living with him. 17 You must be impartial in judgement and give an equal hearing to small and great alike. Do not be afraid of any human person, for the verdict is God's. Should a case be too difficult, bring it for me to hear. 18 And on that occasion I gave you instructions about everything you were to do."
Semper quidem, dilectissimi, misericordia Domini plena est terra; et unicuique fidelium ad colendum Deum ipsa rerum natura doctrina est, dum coelum et terra, mare et omnia quae in eis sunt, bonitatem et omnipotentiam sui protestantur auctoris, et famulantium elementorum mirabilis pulchritudo justam ab intellectuali creatura gratiarum exigit actionem.
Dear friends, at every moment the earth is full of the mercy of God, and nature itself is a lesson for all the faithful in the worship of God. The heavens, the sea and all that is in them bear witness to the goodness and omnipotence of their Creator, and the marvellous beauty of the elements as they obey him demands from the intelligent creation a fitting expression of its gratitude.
Sed cum ad istos recurritur dies, quos specialius reparationis humanae sacramenta signarunt, et qui vicino ordine atque contiguo festum paschale praecedunt, diligentius nobis praeparatio religiosae purificationis indicitur
But with the return of that season marked out in a special way by the mystery of our redemption, and of the days that lead up to the paschal feast, we are summoned more urgently to prepare ourselves by a purification of spirit.
Paschalis quippe festivitatis hoc proprium est, ut tota Ecclesia remissione gaudeat peccatorum, quae non in eis tantum fiat qui sacro baptismate renascuntur, sed etiam in eis qui dudum in adoptivorum sorte numerantur.
The special note of the paschal feast is this: the whole Church rejoices in the
forgiveness of sins. It rejoices in the forgiveness not only of those who are then
reborn in holy baptism but also of those who are already numbered among Gods
adopted children.
Quamvis enim principaliter novos homines faciat regenerationis ablutio, quia tamen superest omnibus contra rubiginem mortalitatis quotidiana renovatio, et inter profectuum gradus nullus est qui non semper melior esse debeat, generaliter annitendum est ut in die redemptionis nemo inveniatur in vitiis vetustatis.
Initially, men are made new by the rebirth of baptism. Yet there still is required a
daily renewal to repair the shortcomings of our mortal nature, and whatever
degree of progress has been made there is no one who should not be more
advanced. All must therefore strive to ensure that on the day of redemption no
one may be found in the sins of his former life.
Quod ergo, dilectissimi, in omni tempore unumquemque convenit facere Christianum, id nunc sollicitius est et devotius exsequendum, ut apostolica institutio quadraginta dierum jejuniis impleatur, non ciborum tantummodo parcitate, sed privatione maxime vitiorum
Dear friends, what the Christian should be doing at all times should be done now
with greater care and devotion, so that the Lenten fast enjoined by the apostles
may be fulfilled, not simply by abstinence from food but above all by the
renunciation of sin.
Rationabilibus autem sanctisque jejuniis nulla utilius quam eleemosynarum opera copulantur, quae uno misericordiae nomine multas laudabiles pietatis continent actiones, ut omnium fidelium pares animi esse possint etiam inter impares facultates.
There is no more profitable practice as a companion to holy and spiritual fasting
than that of almsgiving. This embraces under the single name of mercy many
excellent works of devotion, so that the good intentions of all the faithful may be
of equal value, even where their means are not.
Dilectio enim quae simul Deo hominique debetur, nullis umquam ita impeditur obstaculis, ut non ei semper bene velle sit liberum. Dicentibus quippe angelis: Gloria in excelsis Deo, et in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis, non solum virtute benevolentiae, sed etiam pacis bono beatus efficitur, quicumque aliis quacumque miseria laborantibus charitate compatitur.
The love that we owe both God and man is always free from any obstacle that would prevent us from having a good intention. The angels sang: Glory to God in the highest, and peace to his
people on earth. The person who shows love and compassion to those in any
kind of affliction is blessed, not only with the virtue of good will but also with the
gift of peace.
Latissima enim sunt opera pietatis, quae ipsa sui varietate id veris conferunt Christianis, ut in distributione eleemosynarum non solum divites et abundantes, sed etiam mediocres et pauperes, suas habeant portiones; et qui largitatis sunt viribus inaequales, mentis tamen affectione sint similes.
The works of mercy are innumerable. Their very variety brings this advantage to those who are true Christians, that in the matter of almsgiving not only the rich and affluent but also those of average means and the poor are able to play their part. Those who are unequal in their capacity to give can be equal in the love within their hearts.
Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν νηστεύομεν, φησὶ, τὰς τεσσαράκοντα ταύτας ἡμέρας; Πολλοὶ τὸ παλαιὸν τοῖς μυστηρίοις προσῄεσαν ἁπλῶς καὶ ὡς ἔτυχε, καὶ μάλιστα κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον, καθ' ὃν ὁ Χριστὸς αὐτὰ παρέδωκε. Συνειδότες οὖν οἱ πατέρες τὴν βλάβην τὴν γινομένην ἐκ τῆς ἠμελημένης προσόδου, συνελθόντες ἐτύπωσαν ἡμέρας τεσσαράκοντα νηστείας, εὐχῶν, ἀκροάσεως, συνόδων, ἵν' ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις καθαρθέντες μετ' ἀκριβείας ἅπαντες καὶ δι' εὐχῶν, καὶ δι' ἐλεημοσύνης, καὶ διὰ νηστείας, καὶ διὰ παννυχίδων, καὶ διὰ δακρύων, καὶ δι' ἐξομολογήσεως, καὶ διὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων, οὕτω κατὰ δύναμιν τὴν ἡμετέραν μετὰ καθαροῦ συνειδότος προσίωμεν. Καὶ ὅτι μέγα κατώρθωσαν, διὰ τῆς συγκαταβάσεως ταύτης εἰς συνήθειαν ἡμᾶς νηστείας καταστήσαντες, δῆλον ἐκεῖθεν.
Why do we fast for forty days? Formerly many believers approached the sacraments without any particular preparation, especially at the time when Christ first gave them to us. But when the fathers realized the harm that could result from such neglect, they took counsel together and decreed that a period of forty days of fasting be set aside, during which the people would meet to pray and listen to the word of God. During this Lenten season each of the faithful would undergo a thorough purification by means of prayer, almsgiving, fasting, watching, repentant tears, confession, and every other remedial measure. Then when they had done all in their power to cleanse their consciences, they could approach the sacraments. It is certain that the fathers did well to use such lenience in their desire to establish us in the habit of fasting.
Ἡμεῖς μὲν γὰρ ἂν διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ μένωμεν βοῶντες καὶ κηρύττοντες νηστείαν, οὐδεὶς προσέχει τοῖς λεγομένοις· ἂν δὲ ἐπιστῇ μόνον ὁ τῆς τεσσαρακοστῆς καιρὸς, καὶ μηδενὸς παραινοῦντος μηδὲ συμβουλεύοντος, καὶ ὁ σφόδρα νωθρότατος διανίσταται, τὴν παρὰ τοῦ καιροῦ λαμβάνων συμβουλὴν καὶ παραίνεσιν.
As we know, we could proclaim a fast throughout the whole year, and no one would pay any attention. But now, with a set time for fasting of only forty days, even the most sluggish need no exhortation to rouse themselves to undergo it; they accept it as a regular observance and recurring encouragement.
Ἂν οὖν ἔρηταί σε Ἰουδαῖος καὶ Ἕλλην, τίνος ἕνεκεν νηστεύεις, μὴ εἴπῃς, ὅτι διὰ τὸ πάσχα, μηδὲ ὅτι διὰ τὸν σταυρὸν, ἐπεὶ πολλὴν αὐτῷ δίδως τὴν λαβήν· οὐ γὰρ διὰ τὸ πάσχα νηστεύομεν, οὐδὲ διὰ τὸν σταυρὸν, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα τὰ ἡμέτερα, ἐπειδὴ μέλλομεν μυστηρίοις προσιέναι· ἐπεὶ τό γε πάσχα οὐ νηστείας ἐστὶν οὐδὲ πένθους, ἀλλὰ εὐφροσύνης καὶ χαρᾶς ὑπόθεσις.
So, when someone asks you why you fast, you should not answer: because of the Passover, or because of the Cross. Neither of these is the reason for our fasting. We fast because of our sins, since we are preparing to approach the sacred mysteries. Moreover, the Christian Passover is a time for neither fasting nor mourning, but for great joy,
Ὁ γὰρ σταυρὸς ἀνεῖλε τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, καθάρσιον τῆς οἰκουμένης ἐγένετο, καταλλαγὴ χρονίας ἔχθρας, ἀνέῳξε τοῦ οὐρανοῦ τὰς πύλας, τοὺς μισουμένους φίλους ἐποίησεν, εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἐπανήγαγεν, ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ θρόνου ἐκάθισε τὴν ἡμετέραν φύσιν, μυρία ἕτερα παρέσχεν ἡμῖν ἀγαθά.
since the Cross destroyed sin and made expiation for the whole world. It reconciled ancient enmities and opened the gates of heaven. It made friends of those who had been filled with hatred, restoring them to the citizenship of heaven. Through the Cross our human nature has been set at the right hand of the throne of God, and we have been granted countless good things besides.
Οὐ τοίνυν πενθεῖν οὐδὲ κατεστάλθαι χρὴ, ἀγάλλεσθαι δὲ καὶ χαίρειν ὑπὲρ τούτων ἁπάντων. Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ Παῦλός φησιν, Ἐμοὶ δὲ μὴ γένοιτο καυχᾶσθαι, εἰ μὴ ἐν τῷ σταυρῷ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Καὶ πάλιν, Συνίστησι δὲ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀγάπην εἰς ἡμᾶς ὁ Θεὸς, ὅτι ἔτι ἁμαρτωλῶν ὄντων ἡμῶν Χριστὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἀπέθανε.
Therefore we must not give way to mourning or sadness; we must rejoice greatly instead over all these blessings.
Listen to the exultant words of Saint Paul: God forbid that I should boast of anything but the Cross of our Lord Jesus Christ. And elsewhere he writes: God shows his own love for us because when we were still sinners Christ died for our sake.
Καὶ ὁ Ἰωάννης οὕτω πώς φησιν· Οὕτω γὰρ ἠγάπησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν κόσμον. Πῶς; εἰπέ. Καὶ πάντα παραδραμὼν τἄλλα, τὸν σταυρὸν τέθεικεν. Εἰπὼν γὰρ, Οὕτως ἠγάπησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν κόσμον, ἐπήγαγεν, Ὅτι τὸν μονογενῆ αὐτοῦ Υἱὸν ἔδωκεν, ἵνα σταυρωθῇ, ἵνα πᾶς ὁ πιστεύων εἰς αὐτὸν μὴ ἀπόληται, ἀλλ' ἔχῃ ζωὴν αἰώνιον. Εἰ τοίνυν ἀγάπης ὑπόθεσις καὶ καύχημα ὁ σταυρὸς, μὴ λέγωμεν ὅτι δι' αὐτὸν πενθοῦμεν· οὐ γὰρ πενθοῦμεν δι' ἐκεῖνον, μὴ γένοιτο! ἀλλὰ διὰ τὰ οἰκεῖα ἁμαρτήματα. Διὰ τοῦτο νηστεύομεν.
Saint John's message is the same. God loved the world so much, he declares, and then, passing over every other manifestation of God's love, he comes at once to the crucifixion. God loved the world so much that he gave his only Son, that is, he gave him up to be crucified, so that those who believed in him might not perish but might have eternal life. If, then, the Cross has its foundation in love and is our glory, we must not say we mourn because of the Cross. Far from it. What we have to mourn over is our own sinfulness, and that is why we fast.
Prayer